Henry Ford Health System (HFHS) Critical Care Practice Exam

Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylactic shock due to its potent vasoconstrictive and bronchodilatory properties. In the context of anaphylaxis, the body experiences a severe systemic allergic reaction, which can lead to significant hypotension (low blood pressure), airway swelling, and respiratory distress.

Epinephrine works quickly to constrict blood vessels, thereby increasing blood pressure and improving perfusion to vital organs. Simultaneously, it relaxes bronchial smooth muscles, alleviating bronchospasm and facilitating better airflow to the lungs. These combined effects are crucial for reversing the life-threatening symptoms of anaphylaxis.

While antihistamines, steroids, and other medications may have their roles in the management of allergic reactions or in adjunctive therapy, they do not address the immediate and life-threatening aspects of anaphylaxis as effectively as epinephrine. Antihistamines help with symptoms but lag in action, steroids take time to exert their anti-inflammatory effects, and ephedrine is not as effective in managing the acute phase of anaphylaxis compared to epinephrine. Thus, epinephrine is universally recognized as the essential first-line treatment in this critical emergency scenario.