What are the normal values for central venous pressure (CVP)?

The normal values for central venous pressure (CVP) typically range from 2-6 mmHg. This pressure measurement reflects the blood pressure in the vena cavae and right atrium, as well as the preload of the right ventricle. These values are crucial because they help clinicians assess a patient's volume status and right heart function, which is particularly important in critical care settings.

When CVP is within this range, it suggests that the patient's venous return and fluid status are adequate, contributing to effective cardiac output. Deviations from this normal range can indicate various clinical scenarios—low CVP might suggest hypovolemia or dehydration, while a high CVP could indicate fluid overload or right heart failure.

The other choices provided fall outside the accepted ranges for CVP measurements, making them incorrect. This highlights the importance of understanding normal physiological values and their implications in critical care monitoring and management.