What is a consequence of excessive vasoconstriction in the body?

Excessive vasoconstriction leads to narrowing of the blood vessels, which increases systemic vascular resistance. When blood vessels constrict to an extreme degree, this elevated resistance can adversely affect cardiac output, as the heart must work harder to pump blood against the increased pressure in the system. As a result, the volume of blood being ejected from the heart during each contraction may decrease, leading to a reduction in overall cardiac output.

This diminished cardiac output can have widespread effects on organ perfusion and may impair the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues, ultimately impacting various bodily functions. In contrast, the other options imply outcomes that are not facilitated by excessive vasoconstriction; for instance, renal function would likely decrease due to reduced blood flow to the kidneys, while oxygen delivery and fluid balance would not improve under such stress conditions.