What is a potential risk associated with the use of PEEP?

The choice indicating an increased risk for barotrauma is associated with the use of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) because PEEP can lead to elevated airway pressures. When PEEP is applied, it keeps alveoli open at the end of expiration, increasing functional residual capacity and improving oxygenation. However, if PEEP levels are too high, they can create excessive pressure within the lungs, potentially leading to damage to the alveolar walls or rupture of the alveoli. This situation may result in barotrauma, which can manifest as pneumothorax or subcutaneous emphysema. Managing the level of PEEP is critical to balance the benefits of improved oxygenation against the risks of overdistension and related complications.

Understanding the physiological effects of PEEP highlights its role in enhancing lung recruitment and oxygenation but also emphasizes the importance of cautious application to prevent adverse effects, such as barotrauma.